Perilaku metakognisi siswa dalam pemecahan masalah matematika

  • Zahra Chairani STKIP PGRI Banjarmasin
Keywords: Metakognisi, Perilaku, Pemecahan Masalah Matematika

Abstract

Proses Kognisi dan metakognisi  keduanya merupakan aktivitas yang berlangsung  secara otomatis dan internal di dalam otak manusia. Proses  internal tersebut hanya dapat diketahui oleh diri sendiri,  orang lain dapat mengetahuinya jika proses internal tersebut  direpresentasikan secara eksternal. Proses internal dalam bahasa keseharian kita kenal dengan proses kognisi dan proses metakognisi. Proses kognisi dan metakognisi seringkali dianggap suatu hal yang sama, padahal yang menjadi objek sasaran dalam  proses  keduanya memiliki perbedaan. Perbedaan keduanya terletak pada konten (isi) dan fungsinya. Untuk mengamati atau mengetahui apakah seorang siswa telah  melakukan proses kognisi atau proses metakognisi  dalam pembelajaran dapat dilakukan   antara lain dengan menggunakan pendekatan “ask think and tell why”,  Dengan pendekatan ini kita akan mendapatkan informasi tentang perilaku   yang  akan, sedang dan telah dilakukan siswa selama pemecahan masalah matematika. Dengan  mengenal perilaku  metakognisi  siswa maka  diharapkan kemampuan proses kognisi  siswa untuk memecahkan masalah  dalam matematika dapat  menjadi lebih baik.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Zahra Chairani, STKIP PGRI Banjarmasin

Dosen Prodi Pendidikan Matematika

References

Allan, H, Schoenfeld. (1992). Learning to Think Mathematically Problem Solving Meta Cognition and Sense- Making in Mathematics. Handbook for Research on Mathematics Teaching and Learning . New York : MacMillan

Anderson, O.W. & Krathwohl, D.R. (2001). A Taxonomy For Learning, Teaching, and Assessing (A Revision of Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives). New York: Addision Wesley Longman, Inc.

Atkinson, R.,& Shiffrin, R.(1968), “Human Memory: A Proposed Sistem l and Its Component Process”. In K. Spence & J.Spence (Ed). The Psychology of Learning and Motivation: Advances in Research and Theory. Vol.2. New York: Academic Press.

Bell. H. Frederick. (1978). Teaching and Learning Mathematics (In Secondary School). United States of America: Brown Company Publisher.

Blakey, Elaine dan Spence, Sheila.(1990). Developing Metacognition”. Tersedia pada : On line http://www.education.com/parter/articles. Diakses pada tanggal 16 Nopember 2010.

Branca, A, Nicholas. (1980). Problem Solving as a Goal. Process, and Basic Skill. Reston, VA: NCTM

Butts, Thomas. (1980). Posing Problem Property, Problem Solving in School Mathematics. Reston, VA: NCTM

Brown, A.L. (1987). Metacognition, Executive Control, Self –regulation, and Other More Mysterious Mechanisms. In F. Reiner & Kluwe, R.H (eds). Metacognition, Motivation and Understanding. (pp 65- 116). Hilsdale, NJ: Lawrance Erlbaum Associates.

Carrol, J.B. (1993). Human Cognitive Abilities:A Survey of Factor-analytic Studies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Chairani, Z. (2013). “Indikator Keterampilan Metakognisi Dalam Pemecahan Masalah Matematika”. Makalah di sajikan pada Seminar Nasional 18 Mei 2013 di Universitas Negeri (UNESA) jurusan Matematika Surabaya. Proceeding ISBN 978-602-17146-4-5.

Chairani, Z. (2013). “Aktivitas Metakognisi Sebagai salah Satu Alat untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan siswa dalam Pemecahan Masalah Matematika”. Makalah disajikan pada Konferensi Nasional Pendidikan Matematika (KNPM) V, Juni 2013. Universitas Malang. Proceeding.ISBN 978-602-97895-4-4

Chairani, Z. (2013). “Profil Metakognisi Siswa SMP dalam Pemecahan Masalah Matematika (Studi Kasus Siswa Berkemampuan Tinggi)”. Makalah disajikan pada Seminar Nasional Universitas Airlangga (SNMA) tanggal 21 September 2013. Proceeding Seminar Nasional Matematika dan Aplikasinya, Departemen Matematika Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi Universitas Airlangga Surabaya ISBN 978-602-14413-0-5

Chairani, Z. (2013). ”Self-Regulasi dalam Metakognisi Siswa Sebagai Alat Bantu Pendidikan Karakter pada Matematika Sekolah”, makalah disajikan pada Seminar Nasional Pendidikan Matematika (SENDIKMAT) P4TK Matematika Yogyakarta, 13-14 November 2013. Proceeding, ISBN 978-602-7422-0-9

Chairani, Z. (2015), Kemampuan Metakognisi Siswa SMP dalam Pemecahan Masalah Aljabar Berdasarkan Kemampuan Matematika, Disertasi, Uniersitas Negeri Surabaya (UNESA), Tidak diterbitkan.

Depdiknas. (2006). Standar Isi. Kurikulum 2006. Jakarta: Departemen Pendidikan Nasional

Desoete. A. (2001). Off-line Metacognition in Children with Mathematics Learning Disabilities. Faculteit Psychologies en Pedagogische Wetenschappen. Universiteit-Gent., On-line http://archive.ugent.be/retrieve/917/80100150505476.pdf

Desoete. A. (2007). “Evaluating and Improving the Mathematics Teaching – Learning process Through Metacognition”. Departemen of Experimental Clincal and health Psychology, Ghent University & Arteveldehogeschool. Spain. Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology, N.13 Vol 5(3), 2007. pp: 705-730. ISSN:1696- 2095

Flavell, J.H. (1976). Metacognitive Aspects of Problem Solving. In. L.B. Resnick (Ed). The nature of Inteligence. Hillddale, NJ: Erlbaum

Flavell, J.H. (1979). “Metacognition and Cognition Monitoring. A New area of Cognitive- Developmental Inquiry”. In Nelson, Thomas O.1992. Metacognition, core Reading, 3-8.: Allyn And Bacon. Boston

Fisher, Robert. (1998). “Thinking about Thinking: Developing Metacognition in Children” This paper was first published in Early Child Development and Care Vol 141 (1998) pp1-15.

Gama, Claudia Amado. (2004). “Integrating Metacognition Instruction in Interactive Learning Environments”. Submitted fot the degree of Doctoral Dissertation, University of Sussex. on line http://www.dcc.utba.br/claudiag/thesis/indexGama.pdf.

Grouws. A.Douglas. (1992). Handbook of Research on Mathematics Teaching and Learning. A Proyect of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM). New York: Macmilian Publishing Company.

Hacker, DJ. (1998). Definition and Empirical Foundation. In Hacker, DJ., J. Dunslosky, & AC Graesser (Eds). The University of Memphis, Metacognition in Educational Theory and Practice (pp 1-24). Mahwah, NJ:Erlbaum.Retrieved Sept. 25, 2005 from http://.psyc.memphis.edu/trg/meta.htm

Hudojo. H. (1988). Mengajar Belajar Matematika. Jakarta: Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi

Jonassen. D.H. (2011). Learning to Solve Problems. A Handbook for Designing Problem-Solving Learning Environment. Routledge. Taylor & Francis Group. New York and London

Jones, V. (2006). Cognitive Process During Problem Solving of Middle School Students with Different Levels of Mathematics Anxiety an Self-esteem: Case Studies. Doctoral Dissertation, Florida State University.

Kayashima. M. & Inaba Akiko. (2003). “The Model of Metakognitive Skill and How To Facilitte Development of The Skill”. Proceeding Vol 9 Conference of Artificiale Intelegence in Education at Sidney. Faculty of Arts and Education. Tamagawa University. Japan.

Kayashima. M, Inaba Akiko, Mizoguchi, I. (2003).”What Do You Mean by to Help Learning of Metacognition”? Department of Human Science, Tamagawa University ‡ISIR, Osaka University †6-1-1 Tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8610, Japan ‡8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047 Japan

Kaune.C. & Cohors.E- Fresenborg. (2003). Mechanisms of the Taking effect of Metacognition in Understanding Processes in Mathematics Teaching Germany: Institute for Cognitive Mathematics Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science University of Osnarbruck. D-49069.

Kieran.C. (1992). “The Learning and Teaching of School Algebra”. Universite du Quebec a Montreal. In Grouws. A. D. 1992. New York: Handbook of Research on Mathematics Teaching and Learning. A Project of the NCTM. Macmillan Publishing Company.

Kieran, C. (2004). The Core of Algebra: Reflections on its Main Activities. In K. Stacey, H.

Kirkley, J. (2003). Principles for Teaching Problem Solving .Tecknical Paper #4. Plato Learning, Inc.

Kluwe, R.H. (1982). “Cognitive Knowledge and Executive Control: Metacognition”. In D.R. Griffin (Ed), Animal mind- Human mind (pp 201- 224). New York: Springer- Verlag

Krathwhol. R. David and Lorin W. Anderson. (2001). A Taxonomy For Learning, Teaching, and Assesing. A Revision of Bloom’s Taxonomi of Educational Objective. David McKY Company, Inc., New York, 1956. Copyright @ 2001 by Addison Wesley Longman, Inc.

Livingston, J.A. (1997). “Metacogniton: An Overview”. On line http//www.qse.buffalo.edu/fas/schuel/cep564 metacog.html. diakses tanggal 20 Oktober 2010

Louca-Papaleontiou Eleonora. (2008). Metacognition and Theory of Mind. UK Cambridge: Scholars Publishing.

Marpaung, Y. (1987). “Struktur Kognitif dalam Pembentukan Konsep Algoritma Matematis”. Sumbangan pikiran terhadap Pendidikan Matematika dan Fisika. Pusat Penelitian Pendidikan Matematika se-DIY dan Jawa Tengahdi FMIPA, IKIP Sanata DharmaYogyakarta: Mrican,1987

Mayer, R. E (1992), Thinking, Problem solving, Cognition, 2nd ed. New York, NY: Freeman

NCTM (The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics). (1980). Problem Solving in School Mathematics. INC 1906 Association Drive, Reston, Virginia 2209.

NCREL. (1995). ”Metacognition- Thingking about Thinking- Learning to Learn, Strategic Teaching and Reading”. Project Guidebook. http://members.iinet.net.au/rstack1/world/rss/files/metacognition, diunduh tanggal 29 juni 2008

Nelson. O. Thomas. (1992). Metacognition Core Reading. Allyn and Bacon.University of Washington. USA .

Ormrod, E,J. (2008). Edisi ke-6. Psikologi Pendidikan.Membantu Siswa Tumbuh dan Berkembang jilid 1. University of Northern Colorado (Emirita) University of New Hampshire. Jakarta: Erlangga .

Panjaitan. B. (2012). Profil Proses Kognitif Siswa SMP dalam Pemecahan Masalah Matematika Berdasarkan Gaya Kognitif dan Gender. (Disertasi Doktor tidak dipublikasikan). Universitas Negeri Surabaya (UNESA). Surabaya.

Peirce, William. (2003). “Metacognition: Study Strategies, Monitoring, and Motivation”. A Greatly expanded version of a Workshop. Presented November 17, 2004 , at Prince George’s Community College. On line http://www.academic.pgcc.edu/wpeirce/MCCCTR/metacognition.htm Diunduh tanggal 26 Agustus 2007.

Polya, G. (1973). How To Solve it, Second Edition. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
Schoenfeld, A. H. (1985). Mathematical Problem Solving. New York,: Academic Press

Schoenfeld. A.H. (1992). “Learning to Think Mathematicaly, Problem Solving, Metacognition, and Sense Making in Mathematics”. The University of California, Berkley. In Grouws. A. D. 1992. Handbook of Research on Mathematics Teaching and Learning. A project of the NCTM . New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.

Skemp. R. Richard. (1982). The Psychology of Learning Mathematics. New Zealand: Penguin Book.

Sperling, R., Howard, B. & Staley, R. (2004) Metacognition and Self –regulated Learning Construct, Educational Research and Evaluation.

Solso. Robert.L. (1995). Cognitive Psychology (4th.ed) Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

Solso. R.L., Otto. H.Maclin., M.Kimberly Maclin. (2007). Psikologi Kognitif . Jakarta: Penerbit Erlangga. Edisi ke-delapan

Sternberg, R. J. (1998). “Metacognition, Abilities, and Developing Expertise: What makes an Expert Student?” Department of Psychology, Yale University, Box 208205, New Haven, CT 06520-8205, U.S.A.

Veenman.V.JM, Bernadette.H.A.M. Van Hout, Wolters, Peter Afferbach. (2006). “Metacognition and Learning: Conceptual and Methodological Considerations” Theoretical Article. Published online: 08 March 2006. Springer Science + Business Media, Inc. 2006.

Wellman.H. (1985). “The Origins of Metacognition” in D.L. Forrest-Pressley,G.E Mackimon, and T.G. Waller (eds). Metacognition, Cognition, and Human Performance, Volume 1-Theoritical Perspectives, Chapter 1, Academic Press. Inc.
Published
2015-12-30
How to Cite
Chairani, Z. (2015). Perilaku metakognisi siswa dalam pemecahan masalah matematika. Math Didactic: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 1(3), 200-210. https://doi.org/10.33654/math.v1i3.20
Section
Review
Abstract viewed = 1366 times
PDF downloaded = 923 times