Translation Analysis of Category Shift in Short Story “The Call of Cthulhu”

ABSTRACK Translation activity have a huge impact on developing knowledge by sharing and implement information from around the world. This study used qualitative method. The research subject is firstly, the short story “The Call of Cthulhu” and the second version which translated into Indonesian “Seruan Cthulhu” by Shinta Dewi from Noura Book Publisher. The aims of this study are to identify what types of category shifts found in the short story and how the information loss, acquisition and skew occur during translation process. In this study, the researcher uses observation technique to collecting the data and documentation to support the data. After conduct the study, the researcher found that the translator used the all type of Category shift when translating the short story: Intra-system shift, Structure shift, Unit shift, and Class shift. From the data collected, it was found that the Intrasystem shift was the most dominant shift. This shift occurs because of the need to obtain translation equivalent from both languages. As the result, systematic shifting is unavoidable and has become the most common shift done by translator.


INTRODUCTION
Translation work has a major impact on knowledge development by sharing and implementing information from around the world. According to (Cronin, 2003) various translation results exist in many sectors of translation, including scientific, commercial, technical, administrative, and institutional translation.
Translation activities are critical, especially in today's world, where information demands are dispersed globally. However, the translation function in an English as a foreign language (EFL) or English as a second language (ESL) classroom has long been a major topic. According to (Farah & Samardali, 2017), translation is an effective and beneficial for teaching second language. It is important to realize that the following areas of translation are summarized: clarify new words and phrases, explain grammatical problems, teach language and culture, manner of expression, describe reading passages, deal with aspects relevant to first language interference, and assess students' learning status; reading and listening comprehension, as well as class activity explanation.
English is utilized as a foreign language (EFL) in Indonesia and learned academically. In latest days, the success of translation studies and the participation of linguistic theory became a reality as it can compete with translator intuition to solve translation issues and give additional options to investigate the best procedure (Rosa, Sinar, Ibrahim-Bell, & Setia, 2017).
Students at the university learn a shift in translation as part of their in-depth study of linguistics, with the purpose of assisting in the transition process from source language (SL) to target language (TL).
Consequently, translation is a tough challenge, especially when the original essence of the source language must be preserved. According to (Septiaji, 2019), method selection should be carried out carefully, taking into account all of available factors. Furthermore, the source text (ST), as a literary work of translation is no longer a part of the original literary treasures of the original language. Instead, it become literary treasures in whatever language of the text being translated. The growth of translation activities has also enhanced translation studies, which have become diverse. Many studies have proposed several theories and models. One of the translator guidelines was introduced by J.C. Catford, especially relevant to translation shifts. The use of translation shift has undeniably become a major reference adopted internationally as a baseline for analyzing translated texts. There can be two sorts of shifts that may occur, namely level shift and category shift (Catford, 1965). The first variety of translation shift is a level shift, which occurs when the target language equivalent from the original source changes on a different level at one linguistic level.
whereas the category shift is the replacement of formal correspondence in the translation process.
Based on the previous explanations above, researchers interested in performing an analytical study on the category shift in H.P. Lovecraft's English-Indonesian short story "Seruan Cthulhu" with the original title "The Call of Cthulhu." The objective of the study is to discover and identify category shifts in the short story, as well as to investigate how information loss, acquisition, and skew occur throughout the translation process. The researcher uses descriptive qualitative as research method. Qualitative research is method of research that emphasizes an approach to gathering data via extensive interaction and requires a significant amount of time to engage in the field (Djamal, 2017).

METHOD
The researcher uses descriptive qualitative method in this study since the focus of the study is to analyze, describe, and interpret the phenomena of category shift that were found in process of translating the short story "The Call of Cthulhu". The descriptive qualitative approach examines data by describing the facts as it was obtained, without drawing generalizations or conclusions that are appropriate to a larger audience (Sugiono, 2011). In this qualitative research, observation is used to see and observe directly the object of research, so that the researchers can record and gather the data needed to reveal the findings.
Documents are used to support observation in qualitative research. Documents in qualitative research can be written, pictures, or monumental works of the subject under study (Ulfatin, 2014). The researchers simply put a tick in the indication column, while on the check-list, the researcher offers a tally on each appearance of the indication.
Following the data collection, the researcher must examine the data in order to interpret the translation shift under study. Data analysis is a continual process in the research (Creswell, 2009). It entails analyzing participant data. Analysis steps, as well as those found in particular exploratory techniques, are commonly used by researchers. As for the research steps: the researcher thoroughly read both the English and Indonesian versions of the short story. Then source and translated texts were then examined to see whether there were any shifts or changes in the structure and arrangement of the words. Simultaneously, the researcher highlights the words/clauses/sentences in the translated text where translation shifts occur. The researcher next analyzes the obtained data in relation to the Catford's theory of category shift, which includes structure shift, class shift, unit shift, and intra-system shift. These statistics are collected to see if the dominating category altered during the short story's translation.

FINDING
Following the data collection and analysis, it was discovered that different shifts occurred during the translation process, including all types of category shifts while translating the short story into Indonesian: intra-system shift, structure shift, unit shift, and class shift. The researchers also discovered shifts when English was translated into Indonesian, as indicated by the data below. The source language's structure in noun phrase is a modifier "Cthulhu" and a headword "Cult". Whereas the target language's structure consists of a headword "Kultus" and a modifier "Cthulhu". The structural changes are carried out by the translator as they are specified by the target language structure. b) Class shifts occur when equivalence in the target language is not the same as in the source language in terms of word class. When it comes to class shifts, for example, nouns in the source language can be converted into adjectives, verbs, and prepositions in the target language, and vice versa.
Following the researcher's study, it was discovered that around 22 cases of class shift occurred. The term "masqueraded" in the source language belongs to the verb class, but "samaran" in the target language belongs to the noun class. As a result, the noun "samaran" in the target language is the translation equivalent of the verb "masqueraded" in the source language. There is indeed a translation shift between the verb and the noun. The data shows a downward swing in unit shift from phrase to word. The phrase "flopped down" was translated into Indonesian as "menjatuhkan." This shift occurs when a phrase in the higher rank becomes a word in the lower rank. The translator might well convert the term "flopped down" to "menjatuhkan." As a result, "menjatuhkan" can be considered the formal equivalent of "flopped down," as the meaning remains consistent from SL to TL. d) Intra-system shift is a change that happens inside the language system. In the target language system, the equivalence occurs at a nonresponding phrase. Every language has its own numbering system, articles, and so forth.
When a singular word in the source language has a plural textual equivalent. The intra-system shift is revealed to be the most common shift, accounting for 793 cases. In Indonesian, the plural form is generally indicated by a repetition of the word. According to the data, "storms" has a formal Indonesian equivalent of "badai-badai." The Indonesian language system, on the other hand, transforms it to a singular form "badai" with no duplication in this data. The possessive marking morpheme ('s) for the word "tale" belongs to the noun "Legrasse," thus the morpheme ('s) as possessive marking in the target language is removed. The possessive system in Indonesia is simply noun + noun, as in "kisah Legrasse," with no morphemes inserted into the noun, as in ('s) in English.

Omission Of Article The
SL: the great priest (Pg.12) TL: pendeta besar (Pg.40) In the given data, "grand priest" consists of the definite article "the" and "grand priest" in the adjective phrase. Shifting occurs when an article meant to indicate a specific noun in the target language is not translated or removed. Unlike English, which adds "the" word before the noun as a specification, Indonesian does not.

DISCUSSION
The study discovered that the translator applied all types of Category shift when translating the novel into Indonesian: intra-system shift (793 cases), structure shift (712 cases), unit shift (246 cases), and class shift (22 cases), for a total of 1773 translation shifts. In this study, the most prevalent shift identified in translating the short story The Call of Cthulhu was intra-system shift. There have been 793 intra-system shift cases discovered, accounting for 44% of the total shift. This sort of adjustment is unavoidable for most translators.
The translator is aware that if the sentences are translated without intrasystem shift and level shift, they will lack formal correspondence from SL to TL and will be unclear if they are translated into the target language without natural correspondence (Santri, Azlan, Ridwan, & Adang, 2020). English and Indonesian have obviously different linguistic systems. It's clear that the language's origins have a significant impact in this discrepancy. In line with the findings of the study, one of the previous studies done by (Gaga & Rahayu, 2018) discovered similar circumstances. The absence of a similar equivalent word in both the source and target languages prompted the translation shift. Furthermore, (Ariefyanti, 2018) discovered two types of shifts in the nominal and verbal categories. There are two kinds of translation shifts: single translation shift and double translation shift. Additionally, the study discovered that the translation does not maintain the structure in order to get the same meaning in the target language. According to Newmark (Newmark, 1988), the objective of translations is to achieve the equivalence effect. As a result, the structure of the target language text must be altered in order to get the corresponding meaning of the SL text.
The equivalent degree of meaning has an impact on the shift that occurs.
During the translation process, a translator frequently pays close attention to numerous modifications and even shifts in the original language (Fitria, 2020).
This theory emphasizes modifications in syntactic and semantic structure in order to obtain an acceptable and equivalent translation. Shift is critical when it comes to properly conveying meaning and information. Shifts also occur as a result of structural and grammatical changes. On the other hand, meaning is something that should be preserved in the translation. The form may need to be adjusted due to the unique system and structure of each language. However, it does not mean that the target language should be neglected. The translation outcome in the target language must be adequate and readable.

CONCLUSION
From the analysis, it can be concluded that when translating the novel into Indonesian, the translator applied the fourth form of Category shift: Intra-system shift, Structure shift, Unit shift, and Class shift, according to the findings of this study. A total of 1773 shift cases were discovered. The intra-system shift appears to be the primary reason behind this shift. There have been 793 cases detected, covering 44% of the total shift. Structure shift is the second most common shift, accounting for 712 cases, or 40% of all shifts. Unit shifts accounted for 246 cases, or 13% of all shifts. The last, class shift, contributed to 22 cases, or 1% of all shifts. The intra-system shift was identified to be the most prominent shift used by translators in this study, based on the findings of the analysis. Systematic differences in language will lead the translator to make a systematic shift in the translation process due to the necessity of obtaining translation equivalence. As a result, systematic shifting is unavoidable in this research and has become the most frequently implemented shift among translators.